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Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention encompasses the states that have ratified or acceded to the Chemical Weapons

List of parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention

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  • List of parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention encompasses the states that have ratified or acceded to the Chemical Weapons Convention, a multilateral treaty outlawing the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons. In addition, these states are members of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).

image
Participation in the Chemical Weapons Convention
  Signed and ratified
  Acceded
  Signed but not ratified
  Non-signatory

On January 13, 1993, the Convention was opened for signature. Fiji became the first state to ratify the Convention on January 20, 1993. Pursuant to article 21 of the Convention, it entered into force on April 29, 1997, after it had been ratified by 65 states. The Convention was closed for signature on the preceding day, and states that did not sign the Convention can now only accede to it. Pursuant to article 21 of the Convention, for states that ratify or accede to the Convention after this date, the Convention enters into force 30 days after their deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession.

A total of 197 states may become parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention, including 193 United Nations member states, the Cook Islands, Niue, Palestine, and Vatican City. As of August 2022, 193 states have ratified or acceded to the Convention (most recently Palestine on 17 May 2018) and another state (Israel) has signed but not ratified the Convention. Only Egypt, North Korea, and South Sudan have neither signed nor acceded to the Convention. All four states which are not parties are suspected of possessing chemical weapons.

Of the four non-parties, South Sudan stated in December 2017 that it "has all but concluded the process of joining the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons". Ahmet Üzümcü, the Director-General of the OPCW, has stated that Egypt, Israel, and North Korea had "regional reasons" for not joining. Egypt has promised to ratify the Convention if Israel, the only state in the Middle East that is believed to possess nuclear weapons, ratifies the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Israel, meanwhile, has stated that it will ratify the Convention if all other non-parties in the region (of which only Egypt remains) do so as well. In addition, Israel has been reluctant to ratify due to an unwillingness to grant OPCW inspectors access to its military bases. North Korea is thought to be unlikely to become a party for the foreseeable future.

List of state parties

State party Signed Deposited Entered into force
image Afghanistan 14 January 1993 24 September 2003 24 October 2003
image Albania 14 January 1993 11 May 1994 29 April 1997
image Algeria 13 January 1993 14 August 1995 29 April 1997
image Andorra — 27 February 2003 29 March 2003
image Angola — 16 September 2015 16 October 2015
image Antigua and Barbuda — 29 August 2005 28 September 2005
image Argentina 13 January 1993 2 October 1995 29 April 1997
image Armenia 19 March 1993 27 January 1995 29 April 1997
image Australia 13 January 1993 6 May 1994 29 April 1997
image Austria 13 January 1993 17 August 1995 29 April 1997
image Azerbaijan 13 January 1993 29 February 2000 30 March 2000
image Bahamas, The 2 March 1994 23 April 2009 22 May 2009
image Bahrain 24 February 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Bangladesh 14 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Barbados — 7 March 2007 6 April 2007
image Belarus 14 January 1993 11 July 1996 29 April 1997
image Belgium 13 January 1993 27 January 1997 29 April 1997
image Belize — 1 December 2003 31 December 2003
image Benin 14 January 1993 14 May 1998 13 June 1998
image Bhutan 24 April 1997 18 August 2005 17 September 2005
image Bolivia 14 January 1993 14 August 1998 13 September 1998
image Bosnia and Herzegovina 16 January 1997 25 February 1997 29 April 1997
image Botswana — 31 August 1998 30 September 1998
image Brazil 13 January 1993 13 March 1996 29 April 1997
image Brunei 13 January 1993 28 July 1997 27 August 1997
image Bulgaria 13 January 1993 10 August 1994 29 April 1997
image Burkina Faso 14 January 1993 8 July 1997 7 August 1997
image Burundi 15 January 1993 4 September 1998 4 October 1998
image Cape Verde 15 January 1993 10 October 2003 9 November 2003
image Cambodia 15 January 1993 19 July 2005 18 August 2005
image Cameroon 14 January 1993 16 September 1996 29 April 1997
image Canada 13 January 1993 26 September 1995 29 April 1997
image Central African Republic 14 January 1993 20 September 2006 20 October 2006
image Chad 11 October 1994 13 February 2004 14 March 2004
image Chile 14 January 1993 12 July 1996 29 April 1997
image China 13 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Colombia 13 January 1993 5 April 2000 5 May 2000
image Comoros 13 January 1993 18 August 2006 17 September 2006
image Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14 January 1993 12 October 2005 11 November 2005
image Congo, Republic of the 15 January 1993 4 December 2007 3 January 2008
image Cook Islands 14 January 1993 15 July 1994 29 April 1997
image Costa Rica 14 January 1993 31 May 1996 29 April 1997
image Côte d'Ivoire 13 January 1993 18 December 1995 29 April 1997
image Croatia 13 January 1993 23 May 1995 29 April 1997
image Cuba 13 January 1993 29 April 1997 29 May 1997
image Cyprus 13 January 1993 28 August 1998 27 September 1998
image Czech Republic 14 January 1993 6 March 1996 29 April 1997
image Denmark 14 January 1993 13 July 1995 29 April 1997
image Djibouti 28 September 1993 25 January 2006 24 February 2006
image Dominica 2 August 1993 12 February 2001 14 March 2001
image Dominican Republic 13 January 1993 27 March 2009 26 April 2009
image East Timor — 7 May 2003 6 June 2003
image Ecuador 14 January 1993 6 September 1995 29 April 1997
image El Salvador 14 January 1993 30 October 1995 29 April 1997
image Equatorial Guinea 14 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Eritrea — 14 February 2000 15 March 2000
image Estonia 14 January 1993 26 May 1999 25 June 1999
image Eswatini 23 September 1993 20 November 1996 29 April 1997
image Ethiopia 14 January 1993 13 May 1996 29 April 1997
image Fiji 14 January 1993 20 January 1993 29 April 1997
image Finland 14 January 1993 7 February 1995 29 April 1997
image France 13 January 1993 2 March 1995 29 April 1997
image Gabon 13 January 1993 8 September 2000 8 October 2000
image Gambia, The 13 January 1993 19 May 1998 18 June 1998
image Georgia 14 January 1993 27 November 1995 29 April 1997
image Germany 13 January 1993 12 August 1994 29 April 1997
image Ghana 14 January 1993 9 July 1997 8 August 1997
image Greece 13 January 1993 22 December 1994 29 April 1997
image Grenada 9 April 1997 3 June 2005 3 July 2005
image Guatemala 14 January 1993 12 February 2003 14 March 2003
image Guinea 14 January 1993 9 June 1997 9 July 1997
image Guinea-Bissau 14 January 1993 20 May 2008 19 June 2008
image Guyana 6 October 1993 12 September 1997 12 October 1997
image Haiti 14 January 1993 22 February 2006 24 March 2006
image Honduras 13 January 1993 29 August 2005 28 September 2005
image Hungary 13 January 1993 31 October 1996 29 April 1997
image Iceland 13 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997
image India 14 January 1993 3 September 1996 29 April 1997
image Indonesia 13 January 1993 12 November 1998 12 December 1998
image Iran 13 January 1993 3 November 1997 3 December 1997
image Iraq — 13 January 2009 12 February 2009
image Ireland 14 January 1993 24 June 1996 29 April 1997
image Italy 13 January 1993 8 December 1995 29 April 1997
image Jamaica 18 April 1997 8 September 2000 8 October 2000
image Japan 13 January 1993 15 September 1995 29 April 1997
image Jordan — 29 October 1997 28 November 1997
image Kazakhstan 14 January 1993 23 March 2000 22 April 2000
image Kenya 15 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Kiribati — 7 September 2000 7 October 2000
image Korea, South 14 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Kuwait 27 January 1993 29 May 1997 28 June 1997
image Kyrgyzstan 22 February 1993 29 September 2003 29 October 2003
image Laos 13 May 1993 25 February 1997 29 April 1997
image Latvia 6 May 1993 23 July 1996 29 April 1997
image Lebanon — 20 November 2008 20 December 2008
image Lesotho 7 December 1994 7 December 1994 29 April 1997
image Liberia 15 January 1993 23 February 2006 25 March 2006
image Libya — 6 January 2004 5 February 2004
image Liechtenstein 21 July 1993 24 November 1999 24 December 1999
image Lithuania 13 January 1993 15 April 1998 15 May 1998
image Luxembourg 13 January 1993 15 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Madagascar 15 January 1993 20 October 2004 19 November 2004
image Malawi 14 January 1993 11 June 1998 11 July 1998
image Malaysia 13 January 1993 20 April 2000 20 May 2000
image Maldives 1 October 1993 31 May 1994 29 April 1997
image Mali 13 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Malta 13 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Marshall Islands 13 January 1993 19 May 2004 18 June 2004
image Mauritania 13 January 1993 9 February 1998 11 March 1998
image Mauritius 14 January 1993 9 February 1993 29 April 1997
image Micronesia 13 January 1993 21 June 1999 21 July 1999
image Mexico 13 January 1993 29 August 1994 29 April 1997
image Moldova 13 January 1993 8 July 1996 29 April 1997
image Monaco 13 January 1993 1 June 1995 29 April 1997
image Mongolia 14 January 1993 17 January 1995 29 April 1997
image Montenegro — 23 October 2006 3 June 2006
image Morocco 13 January 1993 28 December 1995 29 April 1997
image Mozambique — 15 August 2000 14 September 2000
image Myanmar 14 January 1993 8 July 2015 7 August 2015
image Namibia 13 January 1993 27 November 1995 29 April 1997
image Nauru 13 January 1993 12 November 2001 12 December 2001
image   Nepal 19 January 1993 18 November 1997 18 December 1997
image Netherlands 14 January 1993 30 June 1995 29 April 1997
image New Zealand 14 January 1993 15 July 1996 29 April 1997
image Nicaragua 9 March 1993 5 November 1999 5 December 1999
image Niger 14 January 1993 9 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Nigeria 13 January 1993 20 May 1999 19 June 1999
image Niue — 21 April 2005 21 May 2005
image North Macedonia — 20 June 1997 20 July 1997
image Norway 13 January 1993 7 April 1994 29 April 1997
image Oman 2 February 1993 8 February 1995 29 April 1997
image Pakistan 13 January 1993 28 October 1997 27 November 1997
image Palau — 3 February 2003 5 March 2003
image Panama 16 June 1993 7 October 1998 6 November 1998
image Palestine — 17 May 2018 16 June 2018
image Papua New Guinea 14 January 1993 17 April 1996 29 April 1997
image Paraguay 14 January 1993 1 December 1994 29 April 1997
image Peru 14 January 1993 20 July 1995 29 April 1997
image Philippines 13 January 1993 11 December 1996 29 April 1997
image Poland 13 January 1993 23 August 1995 29 April 1997
image Portugal 13 January 1993 10 September 1996 29 April 1997
image Qatar 1 February 1993 3 September 1997 3 October 1997
image Romania 13 January 1993 15 February 1995 29 April 1997
image Russia 13 January 1993 5 November 1997 5 December 1997
image Rwanda 17 May 1993 31 March 2004 30 April 2004
image Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 March 1994 21 May 2004 20 June 2004
image Saint Lucia 29 March 1993 9 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20 September 1993 18 September 2002 18 October 2002
image Samoa 14 January 1993 27 September 2002 27 October 2002
image San Marino 13 January 1993 10 December 1999 9 January 2000
image São Tomé and Príncipe — 9 September 2003 9 October 2003
image Saudi Arabia 20 January 1993 9 August 1996 29 April 1997
image Senegal 13 January 1993 20 July 1998 19 August 1998
image Serbia — 20 April 2000 20 May 2000
image Seychelles 15 January 1993 7 April 1993 29 April 1997
image Sierra Leone 15 January 1993 30 September 2004 30 October 2004
image Singapore 14 January 1993 21 May 1997 20 June 1997
image Slovakia 14 January 1993 27 October 1995 29 April 1997
image Slovenia 14 January 1993 11 June 1997 11 July 1997
image Solomon Islands — 23 September 2004 23 October 2004
image Somalia — 29 May 2013 28 June 2013
image South Africa 14 January 1993 13 September 1995 29 April 1997
image Spain 13 January 1993 3 August 1994 29 April 1997
image Sri Lanka 14 January 1993 19 August 1994 29 April 1997
image Sudan — 24 May 1999 23 June 1999
image Suriname 28 April 1997 28 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Sweden 13 January 1993 17 June 1993 29 April 1997
image  Switzerland 14 January 1993 10 March 1995 29 April 1997
image Syria — 14 September 2013 14 October 2013
image Tajikistan 14 January 1993 11 January 1995 29 April 1997
image Tanzania 25 February 1994 25 June 1998 25 July 1998
image Thailand 14 January 1993 10 December 2002 9 January 2003
image Togo 13 January 1993 23 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Tonga — 29 May 2003 28 June 2003
image Trinidad and Tobago — 24 June 1997 24 July 1997
image Tunisia 13 January 1993 15 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Turkey 14 January 1993 12 May 1997 11 June 1997
image Turkmenistan 12 October 1993 29 September 1994 29 April 1997
image Tuvalu — 19 January 2004 18 February 2004
image Uganda 14 January 1993 30 November 2001 30 December 2001
image Ukraine 13 January 1993 16 October 1998 15 November 1998
image United Arab Emirates 2 February 1993 28 November 2000 28 December 2000
image United Kingdom 13 January 1993 13 May 1996 29 April 1997
image United States 13 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997
image Uruguay 15 January 1993 6 October 1994 29 April 1997
image Uzbekistan 24 November 1995 23 July 1996 29 April 1997
image Vanuatu — 16 September 2005 16 October 2005
image Vatican City 14 January 1993 12 May 1999 11 June 1999
image Venezuela 14 January 1993 3 December 1997 2 January 1998
image Vietnam 13 January 1993 30 September 1998 30 October 1998
image Yemen 8 February 1993 2 October 2000 1 November 2000
image Zambia 13 January 1993 9 February 2001 11 March 2001
image Zimbabwe 13 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997

States that have signed but not ratified

  • image Israel – 13 January 1993

Non-signatory states

The following states are eligible to become parties to the Convention, but have not acceded to it.

  • image Egypt
  • image North Korea
  • image South Sudan

States with limited recognition

  • image Republic of China – though not eligible to become a party to the Convention due to its limited recognition, it stated on 27 August 2002 that it had fully complied with the Convention.

See also

  • Australia Group
  • List of parties to the Biological Weapons Convention
  • List of parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
  • List of parties to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
  • List of parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
  • List of parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
  • List of parties to the Ottawa Treaty
  • List of parties to the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
  • List of parties to weapons of mass destruction treaties

Notes

  1. Montenegro succeeded to the Chemical Weapons Convention on 3 June 2006, the date of its independence from Serbia and Montenegro, per a declaration it sent to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, which was received on 23 October 2006.
  2. The Convention was extended to the Netherlands Antilles (now the Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten) and Aruba on 28 April 1997.
  3. Palestine originally submitted an instrument of accession to the Secretary-General of the United Nations depositary on 29 December 2017, but subsequently notified the depositary of its withdrawal of this instrument on 8 January 2018. Palestine resubmitted an instrument of accession on 17 May 2018.
  4. The Convention was extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Anguilla; Bermuda; the British Antarctic Territory; the British Indian Ocean Territory; the British Virgin Islands; the Cayman Islands; the Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Guernsey; the Isle of Man; Jersey; Montserrat; the Pitcairn Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and the Turks and Caicos Islands on 26 October 2005.

References

  1. "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction". United Nations Treaty Collection. 2018-01-03. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  2. "South Sudan to Join Chemical Weapons Convention". Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  3. "OPCW: three nations close to joining chemical weapons convention". Al Arabiya. Agence France-Presse. 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  4. Eaves, Elisabeth (2014-10-09). "Ahmet Uzumcu: Getting rid of chemical weapons in Syria and beyond". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Archived from the original on 2014-10-13. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  5. Ravid, Barak (2013-09-12). "Israel adamant it won't ratify chemical arms treaty before hostile neighbors". Haaretz. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  6. "Egypt refusing to sign WMD treaties". Jerusalem Post. 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  7. Gulhane, Joel (2013-11-10). "Arab League discusses WMDs at Egypt's request". Daily News Egypt. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  8. Sanders, Edmund (2013-09-12). "Israel also facing questions about chemical weapons". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  9. Melman, Yossi (2013-11-04). "Israel wouldn't dare use nerve gas. So why not destroy it?". i24NEWS. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  10. "Chemical Weapons Control Isn't All About Syria". Bloomberg News. 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
  11. "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan". OPCW. 24 November 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  12. "C.N.809.2017.TREATIES-XXVI.3" (PDF). Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2018-01-02. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
  13. "C.N.5.2018.TREATIES-XXVI.3" (PDF). Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2018-01-08. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
  14. "Taiwan Fully Supports Chemical Weapons Convention". Financial Times. 2002-08-27.
  15. "China Chemical Chronology" (PDF). Washington, D.C. United States: Nuclear Threat Initiative. June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  16. "Taiwan Overview". Washington, D.C. United States: James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Middlebury Institute of International Studies. 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2024-09-14 – via Nuclear Threat Initiative.

External links

  • OPCW Member States

Author: www.NiNa.Az

Publication date: Apr 14, 2025 / 17:38

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Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention encompasses the states that have ratified or acceded to the Chemical Weapons Convention a multilateral treaty outlawing the production stockpiling and use of chemical weapons In addition these states are members of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons OPCW Participation in the Chemical Weapons Convention Signed and ratified Acceded Signed but not ratified Non signatory On January 13 1993 the Convention was opened for signature Fiji became the first state to ratify the Convention on January 20 1993 Pursuant to article 21 of the Convention it entered into force on April 29 1997 after it had been ratified by 65 states The Convention was closed for signature on the preceding day and states that did not sign the Convention can now only accede to it Pursuant to article 21 of the Convention for states that ratify or accede to the Convention after this date the Convention enters into force 30 days after their deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession A total of 197 states may become parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention including 193 United Nations member states the Cook Islands Niue Palestine and Vatican City As of August 2022 193 states have ratified or acceded to the Convention most recently Palestine on 17 May 2018 and another state Israel has signed but not ratified the Convention Only Egypt North Korea and South Sudan have neither signed nor acceded to the Convention All four states which are not parties are suspected of possessing chemical weapons Of the four non parties South Sudan stated in December 2017 that it has all but concluded the process of joining the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Ahmet Uzumcu the Director General of the OPCW has stated that Egypt Israel and North Korea had regional reasons for not joining Egypt has promised to ratify the Convention if Israel the only state in the Middle East that is believed to possess nuclear weapons ratifies the Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Israel meanwhile has stated that it will ratify the Convention if all other non parties in the region of which only Egypt remains do so as well In addition Israel has been reluctant to ratify due to an unwillingness to grant OPCW inspectors access to its military bases North Korea is thought to be unlikely to become a party for the foreseeable future List of state partiesState party Signed Deposited Entered into force Afghanistan 14 January 1993 24 September 2003 24 October 2003 Albania 14 January 1993 11 May 1994 29 April 1997 Algeria 13 January 1993 14 August 1995 29 April 1997 Andorra 27 February 2003 29 March 2003 Angola 16 September 2015 16 October 2015 Antigua and Barbuda 29 August 2005 28 September 2005 Argentina 13 January 1993 2 October 1995 29 April 1997 Armenia 19 March 1993 27 January 1995 29 April 1997 Australia 13 January 1993 6 May 1994 29 April 1997 Austria 13 January 1993 17 August 1995 29 April 1997 Azerbaijan 13 January 1993 29 February 2000 30 March 2000 Bahamas The 2 March 1994 23 April 2009 22 May 2009 Bahrain 24 February 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997 Bangladesh 14 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997 Barbados 7 March 2007 6 April 2007 Belarus 14 January 1993 11 July 1996 29 April 1997 Belgium 13 January 1993 27 January 1997 29 April 1997 Belize 1 December 2003 31 December 2003 Benin 14 January 1993 14 May 1998 13 June 1998 Bhutan 24 April 1997 18 August 2005 17 September 2005 Bolivia 14 January 1993 14 August 1998 13 September 1998 Bosnia and Herzegovina 16 January 1997 25 February 1997 29 April 1997 Botswana 31 August 1998 30 September 1998 Brazil 13 January 1993 13 March 1996 29 April 1997 Brunei 13 January 1993 28 July 1997 27 August 1997 Bulgaria 13 January 1993 10 August 1994 29 April 1997 Burkina Faso 14 January 1993 8 July 1997 7 August 1997 Burundi 15 January 1993 4 September 1998 4 October 1998 Cape Verde 15 January 1993 10 October 2003 9 November 2003 Cambodia 15 January 1993 19 July 2005 18 August 2005 Cameroon 14 January 1993 16 September 1996 29 April 1997 Canada 13 January 1993 26 September 1995 29 April 1997 Central African Republic 14 January 1993 20 September 2006 20 October 2006 Chad 11 October 1994 13 February 2004 14 March 2004 Chile 14 January 1993 12 July 1996 29 April 1997 China 13 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997 Colombia 13 January 1993 5 April 2000 5 May 2000 Comoros 13 January 1993 18 August 2006 17 September 2006 Congo Democratic Republic of the 14 January 1993 12 October 2005 11 November 2005 Congo Republic of the 15 January 1993 4 December 2007 3 January 2008 Cook Islands 14 January 1993 15 July 1994 29 April 1997 Costa Rica 14 January 1993 31 May 1996 29 April 1997 Cote d Ivoire 13 January 1993 18 December 1995 29 April 1997 Croatia 13 January 1993 23 May 1995 29 April 1997 Cuba 13 January 1993 29 April 1997 29 May 1997 Cyprus 13 January 1993 28 August 1998 27 September 1998 Czech Republic 14 January 1993 6 March 1996 29 April 1997 Denmark 14 January 1993 13 July 1995 29 April 1997 Djibouti 28 September 1993 25 January 2006 24 February 2006 Dominica 2 August 1993 12 February 2001 14 March 2001 Dominican Republic 13 January 1993 27 March 2009 26 April 2009 East Timor 7 May 2003 6 June 2003 Ecuador 14 January 1993 6 September 1995 29 April 1997 El Salvador 14 January 1993 30 October 1995 29 April 1997 Equatorial Guinea 14 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997 Eritrea 14 February 2000 15 March 2000 Estonia 14 January 1993 26 May 1999 25 June 1999 Eswatini 23 September 1993 20 November 1996 29 April 1997 Ethiopia 14 January 1993 13 May 1996 29 April 1997 Fiji 14 January 1993 20 January 1993 29 April 1997 Finland 14 January 1993 7 February 1995 29 April 1997 France 13 January 1993 2 March 1995 29 April 1997 Gabon 13 January 1993 8 September 2000 8 October 2000 Gambia The 13 January 1993 19 May 1998 18 June 1998 Georgia 14 January 1993 27 November 1995 29 April 1997 Germany 13 January 1993 12 August 1994 29 April 1997 Ghana 14 January 1993 9 July 1997 8 August 1997 Greece 13 January 1993 22 December 1994 29 April 1997 Grenada 9 April 1997 3 June 2005 3 July 2005 Guatemala 14 January 1993 12 February 2003 14 March 2003 Guinea 14 January 1993 9 June 1997 9 July 1997 Guinea Bissau 14 January 1993 20 May 2008 19 June 2008 Guyana 6 October 1993 12 September 1997 12 October 1997 Haiti 14 January 1993 22 February 2006 24 March 2006 Honduras 13 January 1993 29 August 2005 28 September 2005 Hungary 13 January 1993 31 October 1996 29 April 1997 Iceland 13 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997 India 14 January 1993 3 September 1996 29 April 1997 Indonesia 13 January 1993 12 November 1998 12 December 1998 Iran 13 January 1993 3 November 1997 3 December 1997 Iraq 13 January 2009 12 February 2009 Ireland 14 January 1993 24 June 1996 29 April 1997 Italy 13 January 1993 8 December 1995 29 April 1997 Jamaica 18 April 1997 8 September 2000 8 October 2000 Japan 13 January 1993 15 September 1995 29 April 1997 Jordan 29 October 1997 28 November 1997 Kazakhstan 14 January 1993 23 March 2000 22 April 2000 Kenya 15 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997 Kiribati 7 September 2000 7 October 2000 Korea South 14 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997 Kuwait 27 January 1993 29 May 1997 28 June 1997 Kyrgyzstan 22 February 1993 29 September 2003 29 October 2003 Laos 13 May 1993 25 February 1997 29 April 1997 Latvia 6 May 1993 23 July 1996 29 April 1997 Lebanon 20 November 2008 20 December 2008 Lesotho 7 December 1994 7 December 1994 29 April 1997 Liberia 15 January 1993 23 February 2006 25 March 2006 Libya 6 January 2004 5 February 2004 Liechtenstein 21 July 1993 24 November 1999 24 December 1999 Lithuania 13 January 1993 15 April 1998 15 May 1998 Luxembourg 13 January 1993 15 April 1997 29 April 1997 Madagascar 15 January 1993 20 October 2004 19 November 2004 Malawi 14 January 1993 11 June 1998 11 July 1998 Malaysia 13 January 1993 20 April 2000 20 May 2000 Maldives 1 October 1993 31 May 1994 29 April 1997 Mali 13 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997 Malta 13 January 1993 28 April 1997 29 April 1997 Marshall Islands 13 January 1993 19 May 2004 18 June 2004 Mauritania 13 January 1993 9 February 1998 11 March 1998 Mauritius 14 January 1993 9 February 1993 29 April 1997 Micronesia 13 January 1993 21 June 1999 21 July 1999 Mexico 13 January 1993 29 August 1994 29 April 1997 Moldova 13 January 1993 8 July 1996 29 April 1997 Monaco 13 January 1993 1 June 1995 29 April 1997 Mongolia 14 January 1993 17 January 1995 29 April 1997 Montenegro 23 October 2006 3 June 2006 Morocco 13 January 1993 28 December 1995 29 April 1997 Mozambique 15 August 2000 14 September 2000 Myanmar 14 January 1993 8 July 2015 7 August 2015 Namibia 13 January 1993 27 November 1995 29 April 1997 Nauru 13 January 1993 12 November 2001 12 December 2001 Nepal 19 January 1993 18 November 1997 18 December 1997 Netherlands 14 January 1993 30 June 1995 29 April 1997 New Zealand 14 January 1993 15 July 1996 29 April 1997 Nicaragua 9 March 1993 5 November 1999 5 December 1999 Niger 14 January 1993 9 April 1997 29 April 1997 Nigeria 13 January 1993 20 May 1999 19 June 1999 Niue 21 April 2005 21 May 2005 North Macedonia 20 June 1997 20 July 1997 Norway 13 January 1993 7 April 1994 29 April 1997 Oman 2 February 1993 8 February 1995 29 April 1997 Pakistan 13 January 1993 28 October 1997 27 November 1997 Palau 3 February 2003 5 March 2003 Panama 16 June 1993 7 October 1998 6 November 1998 Palestine 17 May 2018 16 June 2018 Papua New Guinea 14 January 1993 17 April 1996 29 April 1997 Paraguay 14 January 1993 1 December 1994 29 April 1997 Peru 14 January 1993 20 July 1995 29 April 1997 Philippines 13 January 1993 11 December 1996 29 April 1997 Poland 13 January 1993 23 August 1995 29 April 1997 Portugal 13 January 1993 10 September 1996 29 April 1997 Qatar 1 February 1993 3 September 1997 3 October 1997 Romania 13 January 1993 15 February 1995 29 April 1997 Russia 13 January 1993 5 November 1997 5 December 1997 Rwanda 17 May 1993 31 March 2004 30 April 2004 Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 March 1994 21 May 2004 20 June 2004 Saint Lucia 29 March 1993 9 April 1997 29 April 1997 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20 September 1993 18 September 2002 18 October 2002 Samoa 14 January 1993 27 September 2002 27 October 2002 San Marino 13 January 1993 10 December 1999 9 January 2000 Sao Tome and Principe 9 September 2003 9 October 2003 Saudi Arabia 20 January 1993 9 August 1996 29 April 1997 Senegal 13 January 1993 20 July 1998 19 August 1998 Serbia 20 April 2000 20 May 2000 Seychelles 15 January 1993 7 April 1993 29 April 1997 Sierra Leone 15 January 1993 30 September 2004 30 October 2004 Singapore 14 January 1993 21 May 1997 20 June 1997 Slovakia 14 January 1993 27 October 1995 29 April 1997 Slovenia 14 January 1993 11 June 1997 11 July 1997 Solomon Islands 23 September 2004 23 October 2004 Somalia 29 May 2013 28 June 2013 South Africa 14 January 1993 13 September 1995 29 April 1997 Spain 13 January 1993 3 August 1994 29 April 1997 Sri Lanka 14 January 1993 19 August 1994 29 April 1997 Sudan 24 May 1999 23 June 1999 Suriname 28 April 1997 28 April 1997 29 April 1997 Sweden 13 January 1993 17 June 1993 29 April 1997 Switzerland 14 January 1993 10 March 1995 29 April 1997 Syria 14 September 2013 14 October 2013 Tajikistan 14 January 1993 11 January 1995 29 April 1997 Tanzania 25 February 1994 25 June 1998 25 July 1998 Thailand 14 January 1993 10 December 2002 9 January 2003 Togo 13 January 1993 23 April 1997 29 April 1997 Tonga 29 May 2003 28 June 2003 Trinidad and Tobago 24 June 1997 24 July 1997 Tunisia 13 January 1993 15 April 1997 29 April 1997 Turkey 14 January 1993 12 May 1997 11 June 1997 Turkmenistan 12 October 1993 29 September 1994 29 April 1997 Tuvalu 19 January 2004 18 February 2004 Uganda 14 January 1993 30 November 2001 30 December 2001 Ukraine 13 January 1993 16 October 1998 15 November 1998 United Arab Emirates 2 February 1993 28 November 2000 28 December 2000 United Kingdom 13 January 1993 13 May 1996 29 April 1997 United States 13 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997 Uruguay 15 January 1993 6 October 1994 29 April 1997 Uzbekistan 24 November 1995 23 July 1996 29 April 1997 Vanuatu 16 September 2005 16 October 2005 Vatican City 14 January 1993 12 May 1999 11 June 1999 Venezuela 14 January 1993 3 December 1997 2 January 1998 Vietnam 13 January 1993 30 September 1998 30 October 1998 Yemen 8 February 1993 2 October 2000 1 November 2000 Zambia 13 January 1993 9 February 2001 11 March 2001 Zimbabwe 13 January 1993 25 April 1997 29 April 1997States that have signed but not ratified Israel 13 January 1993Non signatory statesThe following states are eligible to become parties to the Convention but have not acceded to it Egypt North Korea South SudanStates with limited recognition Republic of China though not eligible to become a party to the Convention due to its limited recognition it stated on 27 August 2002 that it had fully complied with the Convention See alsoAustralia Group List of parties to the Biological Weapons Convention List of parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons List of parties to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty List of parties to the Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons List of parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons List of parties to the Ottawa Treaty List of parties to the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty List of parties to weapons of mass destruction treatiesNotesMontenegro succeeded to the Chemical Weapons Convention on 3 June 2006 the date of its independence from Serbia and Montenegro per a declaration it sent to the Secretary General of the United Nations which was received on 23 October 2006 The Convention was extended to the Netherlands Antilles now the Caribbean Netherlands Curacao and Sint Maarten and Aruba on 28 April 1997 Palestine originally submitted an instrument of accession to the Secretary General of the United Nations depositary on 29 December 2017 but subsequently notified the depositary of its withdrawal of this instrument on 8 January 2018 Palestine resubmitted an instrument of accession on 17 May 2018 The Convention was extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia Anguilla Bermuda the British Antarctic Territory the British Indian Ocean Territory the British Virgin Islands the Cayman Islands the Falkland Islands Gibraltar Guernsey the Isle of Man Jersey Montserrat the Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and the Turks and Caicos Islands on 26 October 2005 References Convention on the Prohibition of the Development Production Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction United Nations Treaty Collection 2018 01 03 Retrieved 2018 01 03 South Sudan to Join Chemical Weapons Convention Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons 2017 12 01 Retrieved 2018 01 02 OPCW three nations close to joining chemical weapons convention Al Arabiya Agence France Presse 2013 12 12 Retrieved 2018 01 03 Eaves Elisabeth 2014 10 09 Ahmet Uzumcu Getting rid of chemical weapons in Syria and beyond Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Archived from the original on 2014 10 13 Retrieved 2018 01 03 Ravid Barak 2013 09 12 Israel adamant it won t ratify chemical arms treaty before hostile neighbors Haaretz Retrieved 2018 01 03 Egypt refusing to sign WMD treaties Jerusalem Post 2009 05 13 Retrieved 2013 11 01 Gulhane Joel 2013 11 10 Arab League discusses WMDs at Egypt s request Daily News Egypt Retrieved 2018 01 03 Sanders Edmund 2013 09 12 Israel also facing questions about chemical weapons Los Angeles Times Retrieved 2018 01 03 Melman Yossi 2013 11 04 Israel wouldn t dare use nerve gas So why not destroy it i24NEWS Retrieved 2013 11 14 Chemical Weapons Control Isn t All About Syria Bloomberg News 2013 10 02 Retrieved 2018 01 03 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan OPCW 24 November 2016 Retrieved 24 July 2022 C N 809 2017 TREATIES XXVI 3 PDF Secretary General of the United Nations 2018 01 02 Retrieved 2018 01 13 C N 5 2018 TREATIES XXVI 3 PDF Secretary General of the United Nations 2018 01 08 Retrieved 2018 01 13 Taiwan Fully Supports Chemical Weapons Convention Financial Times 2002 08 27 China Chemical Chronology PDF Washington D C United States Nuclear Threat Initiative June 2012 Retrieved 6 October 2023 Taiwan Overview Washington D C United States James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies Middlebury Institute of International Studies 2023 09 06 Retrieved 2024 09 14 via Nuclear Threat Initiative External linksOPCW Member States

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