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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (abbreviated AHD) uses a phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet to transcribe the pronunciation of spoken English. It and similar respelling systems, such as those used by the Merriam-Webster and Random House dictionaries, are familiar to US schoolchildren.
The following tables show the AHD representations of English phonemes, along with the IPA equivalents as used on Wikipedia.
Vowels
In general, long vowels are marked with a macron, and short vowels with a breve. A circumflex may also be used to indicate a pre-rhotic vowel. Usage of other symbols vary.
| AHD | IPA | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ă | æ | bat |
| ā | eɪ | bait |
| âr | ɛər | bear |
| ä | ɑː | father |
| ĕ | ɛ | bet |
| ē | iː | beat |
| ĭ | ɪ | bit |
| ī | aɪ | bite |
| îr | ɪər | beer |
| ŏ | ɒ | bot |
| ō | oʊ | boat |
| ô | ɔː | bought |
| ôr | ɔːr | north |
| oi | ɔɪ | boy |
| o͝o | ʊ | book |
| o͞o | uː | boot |
| ou | aʊ | bout |
| ŭ | ʌ | butt |
| ûr | ɜːr | bird |
| ə | ə | about |
| ər | ər | butter |
| Foreign | ||
| œ | ø | French feu, German schön |
| œ | French œuf, German zwölf | |
| ü | y | French tu, German über |
| ◌N | ◌̃ | French bon |
Consonants
| AHD | IPA | Example |
|---|---|---|
| b | b | buy |
| ch | tʃ | China |
| d | d | dye |
| f | f | fight |
| g | ɡ | guy |
| h | h | high |
| hw | hw | why |
| j | dʒ | jive |
| k | k | kite |
| l | l | lie |
| əl | bottle | |
| m | m | my |
| n | n | nigh |
| ən | button | |
| ng | ŋ | sing |
| p | p | pie |
| r | r | rye |
| s | s | sigh |
| sh | ʃ | shy |
| t | t | tie |
| th | θ | thigh |
| th | ð | thy |
| v | v | vie |
| w | w | wide |
| y | j | yacht |
| z | z | zoo |
| zh | ʒ | vision |
| əm | əm | rhythm |
| Foreign | ||
| KH | ç | German ich |
| x | German ach, Scottish loch | |
Suprasegmentals
Stress is indicated by a prime character following stressed syllables. The character is in boldface when it indicates primary stress.
| AHD | IPA | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ◌′ | ˈ◌ | Primary stress |
| ◌′ | ˌ◌ | Secondary stress |
| - | . | Syllable division (omitted after stressed syllables) |
See also
- Pronunciation respelling for English
- International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
References
- Houghton Mifflin, American Heritage Dictionary pronunciation key (PDF), retrieved 2016-01-21.
Author: www.NiNa.Az
Publication date:
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This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language abbreviated AHD uses a phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet to transcribe the pronunciation of spoken English It and similar respelling systems such as those used by the Merriam Webster and Random House dictionaries are familiar to US schoolchildren The following tables show the AHD representations of English phonemes along with the IPA equivalents as used on Wikipedia VowelsIn general long vowels are marked with a macron and short vowels with a breve A circumflex may also be used to indicate a pre rhotic vowel Usage of other symbols vary AHD IPA Example ă ae bat a eɪ bait ar ɛer bear a ɑː father ĕ ɛ bet e iː beat ĭ ɪ bit i aɪ bite ir ɪer beer ŏ ɒ bot ō oʊ boat o ɔː bought or ɔːr north oi ɔɪ boy o o ʊ book o o uː boot ou aʊ bout ŭ ʌ butt ur ɜːr bird e e about er er butter Foreign œ o French feu German schon œ French œuf German zwolf u y French tu German uber N French bonConsonantsAHD IPA Example b b buy ch tʃ China d d dye f f fight g ɡ guy h h high hw hw why j dʒ jive k k kite l l lie el bottle m m my n n nigh en button ng ŋ sing p p pie r r rye s s sigh sh ʃ shy t t tie th 8 thigh th d thy v v vie w w wide y j yacht z z zoo zh ʒ vision em em rhythm Foreign KH c German ich x German ach Scottish lochSuprasegmentalsStress is indicated by a prime character following stressed syllables The character is in boldface when it indicates primary stress AHD IPA Description ˈ Primary stress ˌ Secondary stress Syllable division omitted after stressed syllables See alsoPronunciation respelling for English International Phonetic Alphabet IPA ReferencesHoughton Mifflin American Heritage Dictionary pronunciation key PDF retrieved 2016 01 21