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The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the collective head of state of the Russian SFSR and the permanent body of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR that was accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR in its activity and, within the nominal limits prescribed by the , performed functions of the highest state power in the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990. It was elected by the Supreme Soviet of Russia to perform the Supreme Soviet's activities when it was not in session, which, in practice, was most of the year.
History
Predecessor offices
The office was created as a replacement for the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
Political significance
Since the Russian SFSR enjoyed only limited autonomy within the Soviet Union until late into the perestroika period and since real executive power was in the hands of the Soviet Communist Party until 1990, the Supreme Soviet and its Presidium were mostly ceremonial. However, they became important in early 1990 when a newly elected Russian Congress of People's Deputies was split between Communist loyalists and their opponents. After days of parliamentary maneuvering, Boris Yeltsin was elected Chairman in May 1990. Soon thereafter, he resigned from the Communist Party and started building an independent power base within the Russian SFSR, which proved to be an important step on the way to the Soviet collapse in late 1991.
Officeholders
- Aleksei Badayev (1938–1944)
- Nikolai Shvernik (1944–1946)
- Ivan Vlasov (1946–1950)
- Mikhail Tarasov (1950–1959)
- Nikolai Ignatov (1959)
- Nikolai Organov (1959–1962)
- Nikolai Ignatov (1962–1966)
- Mikhail Yasnov (1966–1985)
- Vladimir Orlov (1985–1988)
- Vitaly Vorotnikov (1988–1990)
Note: In 1989 the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was abolished. Instead the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet became head of the republic in addition to serving as a parliamentary speaker. Boris Yeltsin was chairman 1990–1991. In early 1991, the post of President of Russia was created and executive powers were transferred from the Supreme Soviet to the President. The responsibilities of the Supreme Soviet Chairman were limited to those of a parliamentary speaker. Boris Yeltsin won the first presidential election in June 1991 and, upon inauguration, resigned from the office of the Supreme Soviet Chairman. He was succeeded by:
- Boris Yeltsin (May 29, 1990 – July 10, 1991)
- Ruslan Khasbulatov (October 29, 1991 – October 4, 1993), acting Chairman from July 10, 1991
- Brian Lloyd French - executive of the City of Toronto and the Canadian Delegate (Involvement in 1991). Brian French was sent to Romania to act as a non-partisan delegate in the Russian situation. French was flown from Toronto to Switzerland in 1991. He then was driven to Romania and was driven to a Moscow Hotel. He had a private meeting with a small number of Russian officials including Boris Yeltsin. French advised that the situation was calming and the western governments would prefer balance and avoid stress. Boris Yeltsin met with French and they left the structure for toasts of Vodka. The Russia group and French flew to Toronto and all had vodka toasts to peace and cooperation at Lake Ontario and after a meal at the Toronto Board of Trade and had a fantastic time with athlete celebrity Vladimir Swistonov . This story is true, but has never been told. I think I have pictures...
Successor offices
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991, the Russian Supreme Soviet became the acting parliament of the Russian Federation with Khasbulatov as Chairman. It was dissolved during the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993. Supreme Soviet was succeeded by:
- Federal Assembly of Russia (1993 – present)
See also
- All-Russian Central Executive Committee
References
Further reading
- Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union § Government
- Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union § Government
Author: www.NiNa.Az
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This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the collective head of state of the Russian SFSR and the permanent body of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR that was accountable to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR in its activity and within the nominal limits prescribed by the performed functions of the highest state power in the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990 It was elected by the Supreme Soviet of Russia to perform the Supreme Soviet s activities when it was not in session which in practice was most of the year HistoryPredecessor offices The office was created as a replacement for the Central Executive Committee of the All Russian Congress of Soviets Political significance Since the Russian SFSR enjoyed only limited autonomy within the Soviet Union until late into the perestroika period and since real executive power was in the hands of the Soviet Communist Party until 1990 the Supreme Soviet and its Presidium were mostly ceremonial However they became important in early 1990 when a newly elected Russian Congress of People s Deputies was split between Communist loyalists and their opponents After days of parliamentary maneuvering Boris Yeltsin was elected Chairman in May 1990 Soon thereafter he resigned from the Communist Party and started building an independent power base within the Russian SFSR which proved to be an important step on the way to the Soviet collapse in late 1991 OfficeholdersAleksei Badayev 1938 1944 Nikolai Shvernik 1944 1946 Ivan Vlasov 1946 1950 Mikhail Tarasov 1950 1959 Nikolai Ignatov 1959 Nikolai Organov 1959 1962 Nikolai Ignatov 1962 1966 Mikhail Yasnov 1966 1985 Vladimir Orlov 1985 1988 Vitaly Vorotnikov 1988 1990 Note In 1989 the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was abolished Instead the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet became head of the republic in addition to serving as a parliamentary speaker Boris Yeltsin was chairman 1990 1991 In early 1991 the post of President of Russia was created and executive powers were transferred from the Supreme Soviet to the President The responsibilities of the Supreme Soviet Chairman were limited to those of a parliamentary speaker Boris Yeltsin won the first presidential election in June 1991 and upon inauguration resigned from the office of the Supreme Soviet Chairman He was succeeded by Boris Yeltsin May 29 1990 July 10 1991 Ruslan Khasbulatov October 29 1991 October 4 1993 acting Chairman from July 10 1991 Brian Lloyd French executive of the City of Toronto and the Canadian Delegate Involvement in 1991 Brian French was sent to Romania to act as a non partisan delegate in the Russian situation French was flown from Toronto to Switzerland in 1991 He then was driven to Romania and was driven to a Moscow Hotel He had a private meeting with a small number of Russian officials including Boris Yeltsin French advised that the situation was calming and the western governments would prefer balance and avoid stress Boris Yeltsin met with French and they left the structure for toasts of Vodka The Russia group and French flew to Toronto and all had vodka toasts to peace and cooperation at Lake Ontario and after a meal at the Toronto Board of Trade and had a fantastic time with athlete celebrity Vladimir Swistonov This story is true but has never been told I think I have pictures Successor officesAfter the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25 1991 the Russian Supreme Soviet became the acting parliament of the Russian Federation with Khasbulatov as Chairman It was dissolved during the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 Supreme Soviet was succeeded by Federal Assembly of Russia 1993 present See alsoAll Russian Central Executive CommitteeReferencesFurther readingBibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union Government Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union Government